Actuarial Science degrees are extremely useful when it comes to identifying risks and determining possible outcomes. This degree program is for someone who pays great attention to detail and is good at researching numbers. The financial and insurance industries both use actuaries to uncover potential risks and find ways to avoid financial loss that could have a devastating impact on the future of your business. Actuaries use complex mathematics, statistics, and patterns to locate areas where risk is possible and then work to find ways to resolve the issue.
If you like to work with numbers and are interested in following patterns and trends, an actuarial science degree may be just what you are looking for. This type of degree program offers individuals with an analytical mind, the opportunity to work in a highly structured and complex environment. These individuals are problem solvers and use advanced mathematics to find solutions to prevent risks from becoming a major problem. Actuaries are highly sought after in the insurance industry because they are able to project specific patterns within the industry and take preemptive measures to ensure the stability of the company.
Methodology: Ranking the Best Undergraduate Actuarial Science Programs
Great Business Schools is committed to guiding business students to programs that will really improve their odds on the job market and performance in their profession. That’s why GBS rankings start with accredited, trusted institutions, which are ranked according to real data from IPEDS, College Scorecard, and Niche. Schools in the best actuarial science degree ranking are ranked by their cost, alumni salary, and reputation.
1. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences/Dept. of Mathematics offers the University of Illinois’ BS in Actuary Science that is recognized among the best undergraduate actuarial science programs in the nation. Students enrolled in UI’s Urbana Champaign actuary degree program must complete a total of 120 credit hours of coursework that includes classes in Actuarial Statistics, Calculus, Applied Statistics, Life Contingencies, Corporate Finance, and Theory of Interest, to name a few.
The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a public university that was established under the Morrill Land Grant in 1867. In addition, UI Urbana is a space-grant, sea-grant, and flagship institution of the University of Illinois System.
Highlight The school ‘s urban campus is home to approximately 51,000 students studying for degrees offered by the university’s 16 colleges/schools.
Degree Actuary Science, BS
2. The University of Texas at Austin
The University of Texas offers BS in Actuary Science degree program that requires degree candidates to complete 120 credit units in order to graduate. UT Austin’s best undergraduate actuarial science programs include the schools’ general core curriculum requirements plus actuarial classes in Statistics, Computer Science, Probability, Finance, Economics, and one IBL (Inquiry-Based Learning) Math class. Students enrolled in UT Austin’s actuarial science program must complete a minimum of 60 hours at UT Austin, in residence.
UT – Austin, The University of Texas at Austin, was chartered as a public institution of higher learning in 1881. UT Austin is home to seven museums, including the LBJ Library and the Blanton Museum of Art.
Highlight The University of Texas at Austin boasts a student enrollment that exceeds 50,000 students, making it one of the country’s top ten largest study body on one campus.
Degree Actuary Science, BS
3. Michigan State University
Michigan State University offers a BS in Actuarial Science degree program that is ranked among the best undergraduate actuarial science programs available. Degree candidates enrolled in MSU’s actuary undergraduate program must complete 120 credit units, including the following actuarial-related classes – Differential Equations, Actuarial Models, Calculus, Theory of Mathematical Interest and Financial Math for Actuaries, among others. In addition, individuals vying for the BS in actuarial science includes an internship or a capstone project.
Michigan State University is a research institution of higher education that was founded in 1855. MSU is also a sea-grant and land-grant university that is home to more than 50,000 students. US News recognizes Michigan State University among the top 35 public institutions of higher education in the United States.
Highlight When founded, Michigan State University acted as a model-school for future land-grant universities.
Degree Actuarial Science, BS
4. University of Connecticut
The University of Connecticut offers a BS in Actuary Science that is one of the best undergraduate actuarial science programs in the nation. UC’s undergraduate actuary program is one of the few programs of its type in New England. Coursework for the University of Connecticut’s actuary program includes Economics, Calculus, Life Insurance and Risk Management, Programming for Actuaries, Loss Models, and Elementary Stochastic Processes. UC, in partnership with corporate sponsors, offers scholarships to actuarial students. UC is a recognized SOA Center of Actuarial Excellence.
The University of Connecticut was founded in 1881 and holds the distinction of being a land-grant, space-grant, and sea-grant institution of higher learning. UC is the flagship campus for the state and is home to approximately 32,000 students.
Highlight The University of Connecticut’s campus covers more than 4,000 acres and is about an hour from downtown Boston and only 30 minutes to Hartford.
Degree Actuary Science, BS
5. Binghamton University (SUNY)
The State University of New York – SUNY at Binghamton’s Department of Mathematics offers two of the best undergraduate actuarial science programs in New York and the country. Binghamton University provides a Bachelor of Arts (BA) or a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree program in Actuarial Science. Both the BA and BS actuarial programs require the completion of the following coursework – Linear Algebra, Computing, Actuarial Foundations, Economics, and Computing, among others. Students vying for the BS degree must also complete several advanced math, economics, and actuarial classes.
The State University of New York – SUNY at Binghamton was founded as a research school in 1946. SUNY Binghamton’s three campuses cover more than 900 acres and serve approximately 17,500 students. Greene’s Guide has recognized SUNY Binghamton among the public ivy league schools.
Highlight SUNY Binghamton operates three campuses in Binghamton, Johnson City and Vestal, NY.
Degree Actuarial Science, BS & BA
6. Auburn University
Auburn University’s Mathematics and Statistics Department offers a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree program in Actuarial Science that is recognized among the best undergraduate actuarial science programs available in the marketplace. Degree candidates must complete 120 credit units to graduate in classes that include – Calculus, Linear Algebra, Interest Theory, Linear Differential Equations, and Actuarial Science Seminar, to name a few. Degree candidates with actuarial science degrees enter the workforce in the insurance, banking, government, and investment fields, among others.
Auburn University was founded as East Alabama Male College in 1856 by an act of the Alabama Legislature. Auburn is a land-grant, space-grant and sea-grant school, plus the state’s flagship institution of higher education.
Highlight Auburn University is the state’s flagship school and the second-largest institution of higher learning in Alabama. It was a Confederate Army training camp during the Civil War.
Degree Actuarial Science, BS
7. University of Massachusetts – Amherst
The University of Massachusetts’ Department of Mathematics & Statistics offers one of the best undergraduate actuarial science programs available in the United States. UMass Amherst offers a Bachelor of Science (BS) in Actuarial Science degree program that is only one of three programs in Massachusetts listed on the Society of Actuaries (SOA) UCAP List. UMass Amherst’s undergraduate actuary program meets the VEE requirements with regard to Economics, Math Statistics, and Accounting/Finance. The school offers coursework relative to actuarial exams of P/1, FM/2, IFM3, and Statistics for Risk Modeling.
The University of Massachusetts – (UMass Amherst ) was found as a public institution of higher education in 1863 as the result of the Morrill Land Grant Act. UMass Amherst is a part of the Five-school consortium where students can enroll in classes at the other ‘sister schools’ – Amherst College, Hampshire, Mount Holyoke, and Smith Colleges.
Highlight The Amherst campus of UMass is the recognized flagship campus of the University of Massachusetts system.
Degree Actuarial Science, BS
8. Bradley University
Bradley University offers a BS in Mathematics Actuary Science concentration that is recognized among the best undergraduate actuarial science programs in the nation. Bradley offers two paths to an undergraduate actuary degree – one through the College of Business and the other through the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Both undergraduate degree coursework prepares degree candidates for the professional actuarial exams to be taken in the future. Bradley’s curriculum for its actuarial programs includes Business Finance, Linear Algebra, Actuarial Science Topics, Applied Statistics, and Actuarial Science Tools, among others.
Bradley University is a private school that was established in 1897. Bradley University’s urban campus, located only a few minutes from the downtown area in Peoria, covers more than 80 acres and serves approximately 5,300 students. Bradley operates seven undergraduate and graduate schools/colleges.
Highlight Bradley University is recognized among the top five regional universities in the Midwest, as noted by US News.
Degree Mathematics major Actuary Science, BS
9. University of California, Santa Barbara
The University of California Santa Barbara’s Department of Statistics and Applied Probability offers a Bachelor of Science in Actuary Science program that is ranked among the best undergraduate actuarial science programs in the nation. Students enrolled in UCSB’s actuarial science degree program will complete several research projects with the help of faculty advisors. It is recommended that degree applicants have two years of algebra and completed coursework in trigonometry and geometry at the high school level. UCSB also offers a five-year BS/MS program in actuarial science for accelerated students.
UCSB – the University of California Santa Barbara was founded as a public teacher’s training school in 1891. The school’s suburban campus sits atop a cliff that overlooks the Pacific Ocean and is home to approximately 26,000 students.
Highlight The University of California Santa Barbara is one of the ten member-schools of the University of California system.
Degree Actuary Science, BS
10. Saint John Fisher College
Saint John Fisher College offers a BA in Actuarial Science that is recognized among the best undergraduate actuarial science programs in the country. Coursework for Saint John Fisher College’s BA actuarial degree program includes Mathematical Statistics, Actuarial Math, Corporate Finance, Regression Techniques, and Probability Modeling, among others. Saint John Fisher College offers an impressive student to faculty ratios of 12 to 1. Fisher’s actuarial undergraduate degree prepares graduates for the first two actuarial exams.
Saint John Fisher College was founded in 1948 as a private institution of higher education that follows the Catholic Tradition.Saint John Fisher College’s sporting venue is used by the NFL’s Buffalo Bills training camp, and the suburban campus serves approximately 3,600 students.
Highlight Saint John Fisher College is named for a Catholic Bishop and cardinal from Kent, England.
Degree Actuarial Science, BA
11. Texas Christian University
Texas Christian University’s Department of Mathematics offers two of the best undergraduate actuarial science programs available in the country. TCU offers a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree program in Mathematics with a concentration in Actuarial Science and a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree program in Math with an Actuarial Concentration – for those student planning on pursuing their MS degree in actuarial science. Core math courses include Elementary Stat, Applied Calculus, Topics in Mathematics, and Calculus I and II, among others.
Texas Christian University was founded in 1873. Texas Christian University is affiliated with the Disciples of Christ – Christian Church, but not governed. The school’s urban campus is only a few miles from Fort Worth’s downtown and is home to approximately 9,000 students.
Highlight Texas Christian University is recognized by US News among the top 100 universities in the national category.
Degree Math with Actuarial Concentration, BA
12. New York University
New York University’s Stern School of Business offers a Bachelor of Science (BS) in Business with a concentration in Actuarial Science that is ranked among the best undergraduate actuarial science programs in the United States. NYU’s actuarial degree program prepares graduates to sit for the first four actuarial exams administered by the SOC and CAS. Additionally, the curriculum meets the VEE requirements for Economics, Applied Statistical Methods, and Finance. Coursework includes Corporate Finance, Investment Mathematics, Probability Theory, Calculus I, II, and Linear Algebra, among others.
New York University was founded as a private institution of higher education in 1831. The school’s iconic Greenwich Village campus covers more than 200 acres in lower Manhattan. The school operates international campuses and has a total student enrollment of more than 51,000.
Highlight New York University began as a joint idea between James Madison and Albert Gallatin – Thomas Jefferson’s Treasury Secretary.
Degree Business, BS Concentration Actuarial Science
13. Temple University
Temple University’s Fox School of Business offers two of the best undergraduate actuarial science programs available in the education marketplace. Temple offers a Bachelor of Arts (BA) Actuarial Science degree program and a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) degree with a concentration in actuary science. Students must complete 124 credit units for the BBA program to graduate and complete classes in Probability and Statistics, Calculus, Actuarial Analytics, International Risk, and Theory of Interest, among others. Temple University’s actuarial degree programs prepare graduates for the professional exams of the CAS and SOA.
Temple University is a public institution of higher learning that was founded as a private school in 1884. Temple University’s urban campus in Philadelphia extends for 100+ acres and serves more than 39,000 students studying for the university’s 500+ degree programs offered.
Highlight Temple University operates several facilities in Pennsylvania and two international sites in Japan and Italy.
Degree Business Administration Concentration Actuary Science, BA Actuarial Science
14. Ball State University
Ball State University’s Department of Mathematical Sciences offers a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree program in Mathematics as an Actuarial Science major. BSU is a recipient of the CAS University Award. Degree candidates graduate from Ball State University to find rewarding work in consulting, banking, investments, education, and insurance. BSU’s best undergraduate actuarial science programs offer student internship opportunities that often morph to full-time employment. Actuarial science majors must complete a minimum of 59 credits in actuary science courses.
Ball State University was established as a public institution of higher learning in 1918. Ball State University has several campuses in Indiana -Muncie, Indianapolis, and Fishers, IN. The school’s campus covers more than 1,000 acres and serves about 17,000 students each semester.
Highlight BSU was founded by two industrialist brothers who bought a failing school and gifted it to the state.
Degree Actuarial Science, BS Actuarial Science Major
15. Valparaiso University
Valparaiso University Mathematics and Statistics Department offers a Bachelor of Science in Actuarial Science degree program that is recognized as one of the best undergraduate actuarial science programs available in the nation. Valparaiso University’s actuarial curriculum includes classes regarding Economics, Calculus, Statistics, Econometrics, Financial Derivatives, and Actuarial Modeling, to name a few. In addition, degree candidates must complete a 3-credit capstone course, which is included in the 61 required actuarial credit hours. Students can opt to complete a business administration minor simultaneously.
Valparaiso University was founded as Valparaiso Male and Female College in 1859. Valparaiso University remains affiliated with the Lutheran Church. Valparaiso University was one of the 1st coeducational schools and currently has a student enrollment that surpasses 4,500.
Highlight Valparaiso University’s Chapel of the Resurrection holds the distinction of being the 2nd largest of any college in the world.
Degree Actuarial Science, BS
16. Simmons University
Simmons University’s School of Economics offers a Bachelor of Science degree program in Financial Mathematics that prepares degree candidates with tools to enter the actuary or financial services industries. Simmons’ best undergraduate actuarial science programs require an internship plus the completion of coursework in Economics, Statistics, Multivariable Calculus, Econometrics, Probability, Finance, and Investments, to name a few. Simmons University’s BS in Financial Mathematics is an interdisciplinary degree drawing on the fields of economics, management math, and statistics.
Simmons University is a women-focused institution of higher learning that was founded in 1899. Simmons operates two campuses in the Back Bay area of Boston and is home to more nearly 5,000 students. Simmons is one of only 3 schools to accept transgender females without government documentation.
Highlight Simmons University is affiliated with the Colleges of the Fenway.
Degree Financial Mathematics, BS
17. Northwestern College
Northwestern College’s Mathematics Department offers one of the best undergraduate actuarial science programs available in the United States. NC’s Bachelor of Science (BS) degree program in Actuarial Science is one of 49 actuary degree programs in the nation with the classification of UCAP-AP, awarded by the Society of Actuaries (SOA). Coursework for NC’s actuarial science degree program includes Probability & Statistics, Actuarial Modeling, Math Minds, Discrete Math, Linear Algebra, Calculus I, II, and Advance Derivatives, among others.
Northwestern College was founded in 1882 and is affiliated with the Reformed Church in America (RCA). The school’s 100-acre rural campus is home to about 1,200 students in a rural community of only 6,000 residents. Resident life at Northwestern College is a fundamental part of the educational experience. US News recognizes Northwestern College among the top ten Midwestern regional colleges.
Highlight Northwestern College identifies as an ecumenical and evangelical educational community.
Degree Actuarial Science, BS
18. University of Louisville
The University of Louisville offers a BS in Mathematics Actuarial Science concentration that is ranked among the best undergraduate actuarial science programs available in the education marketplace. The University of Louisville’s BS in actuarial science prepares degree graduates for the first three professional actuarial examinations. Coursework for U of L’s actuary program includes actuarial core courses of Calculus I, II, III, Linear Algebra, Differential Equations, Algebra, and Higher Mathematics, among a few others.
The University of Louisville is a member school of the Kentucky State University system. U of L’s urban Louisville campuses serve approximately 21,000 students.
Highlight The University of Louisville holds the distinction of being the 1st city-owned institution of higher learning in the country and as one of the first schools established located to the west of the Alleghany Mountains.
Degree Actuarial Science, BS
19. University of Cincinnati
The University of Cincinnati’s Mathematical Sciences department offers two of the best undergraduate actuarial science programs available in the country. UC’s actuary program options include a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree program or a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree program in Statistics/Actuary Science. UC’s undergraduate actuary program offers an impressive student to faculty ratios of 11 to 1 and a Center for Exploratory Studies that is recognized on a national level.
The University of Cincinnati was founded in 1819. UC’s Main Campus extends more than 200 acres, with more than 470 acres when including UC’s Uptown Campus. UC’s main campus is home to most of the undergraduate programs offered by the school.
Highlight The University of Cincinnati operates regional campuses as Clermont College in Batavia, OH, and Blue Ash College in Blue Ash, OH.
Degree Statistics/ Actuary Sciences, BS & BA
20. University of the Pacific
The University of the Pacific offers a BS in Actuarial Science degree program that is ranked among the best undergraduate actuarial science programs in the United States. Coursework for U of P’s baccalaureate actuary program includes Differential Equations, Calculus I, II, III, Probability & Statistics, Computer Science, Mathematical Statistics, Econometrics, and Models of Life Contingencies, to name a few. The University of the Pacific’s actuarial science degree program prepares students to sit for the first 5 actuarial exams (P, FM, IFM, LTAM, STAM).
The University of the Pacific was chartered as a private independent institution of higher learning in 1851. The school is affiliated with the Methodist Church and serves approximately 6,400 students. U of P is home to a comprehensive collection of alumni and Jazz Musician’s Dave Brubeck memorabilia.
Highlight The University of the Pacific holds the distinction of being the oldest chartered institution of higher learning in California.
Degree Actuarial Science, BS
21. Ashland University
Ashland University’s Department of Mathematics & Computer Science offers a Bachelor of Science in Actuarial Science program that is considered among the best undergraduate actuarial science programs in the nation. Ashland University’s curriculum meets the three Validation by Education Experience (VEE) requirements – Accounting & Finance, Economics, and Mathematical Statistics. The program is sponsored by the CAS, SOA, and the Canadian Institute of Actuaries.
Ashland University is a private institution of higher education that was founded in 1878. Ashland University remains affiliated with the Brethren Church. AU’s suburban campus covers more than 125 acres and serves approximately 5,600 students that align with the school’s Christian value system.
Highlight In addition to its main campus, Ashland University operates several satellite facilities in the northern and central parts of Ohio.
Degree Actuarial Science, BS
22. Robert Morris University
Robert Morris University’s School of Engineering, Mathematics, and Science offers an on-campus baccalaureate level degree program in actuarial science that is recognized as one of the best undergraduate actuarial science programs. Robert Morris University (RMU) holds the distinction of being a Center of Actuarial Excellence (by the SOA) – one of only 17 in the nation. Robert Morris University’s actuarial program prepares degree candidates to sit for the first 5-7 professional exams for actuaries. Students enrolled in RMU’s BS in actuarial science degree program must complete 120 credit units to graduate, of which 71 credit units must be coursework in the dedicated major.
Robert Morris University was founded in 1921 as a private institution of higher learning. The school began as the Pittsburgh School of Accountancy. RMU’s suburban campus is home to approximately 5,000 students. Robert Morris University also operates a satellite campus in Pittsburgh’s downtown area.
Highlight The university was named for its founder, a signer of the Declaration of Independence
Degree Actuarial Science, BS
23. Concordia University Wisconsin
Concordia University Wisconsin’s offers a BS in Actuarial Science degree program considered as one of the best undergraduate actuarial science programs available in the education marketplace. CUW’s BS in actuary science requires students to complete 120 credit units in classes that include International Business, Linear Algebra, Calculus I, II, III, Econometrics, and Statistics, to name a few. Students enrolled in this actuary degree program are encouraged to pass the P professional exam before their junior year to secure an internship through the program.
Concordia University Wisconsin was established in 1881 as a private school. Concordia University Wisconsin is affiliated with the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod. CUW operates a branch campus in Ann Arbor, MI, after a merger in 2013. Concordia University Wisconsin’s campus is situated on a lake and serves about 7,600 students.
Highlight Concordia University Wisconsin is a member school of the Concordia University System.
Degree Actuarial Science, BS
24. Bellarmine University
Bellarmine University offers a BS in Actuarial Science that is ranked as one of the best undergraduate actuarial science programs in Kentucky and surrounding areas. Coursework included in Bellarmine University’s actuarial science curriculum includes Economics, Abstract Algebra, Interest Theory, Introduction to Actuarial Mathematics, and Probability & Statistics, plus the culminating senior math capstone project. Students enrolled in Bellarmine University’s actuary degree program must complete 128 credit units to graduate.
Bellarmine University was established in 1950. Bellarmine University remains affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church and the Archdiocese of Louisville. Bellarmine University’s 125+-acre campus in urban Louisville is home to approximately 4,000 students.
Highlight Bellarmine University operates with seven colleges/schools and offers more than fifty academic degree programs.
Degree Actuarial Science, BS
25. Anderson University
Anderson University offers a BS in Mathematics/Actuary that is considered among the best undergraduate actuarial science programs in the southern US. Anderson University’s baccalaureate-level actuary program prepares students for the first four professional actuarial exams – the P, FM, M, and C exams administered by the SOA – the Society of America. Students vying for this BS in actuary degree must complete 128 credit units to graduate, of which 48 credit units must be in the student’s actuary major.
Anderson University was established in 1911 as a private institution of higher education for only women; the school became Anderson University’s (AU) College of Arts and Sciences offers a Bachelor of Science degree program in Mathematics/Actuary that is considered among the best undergraduate actuarial science programs in the southern US. Anderson University’s baccalaureate-level actuary program prepares students for the first four professional actuarial exams – the P, FM, M, and C exams administered by the SOA – the Society of America. Students vying for this BS in actuary degree must complete 128 credit units to graduate, of which 48 credit units must be in the student’s actuary major.
Highlight Anderson University nearly doubled its enrollment between 2006 and 2016.
Degree Mathematics: Actuarial, B.S.
How Do I Choose an Actuarial Science Program?
The best Actuarial Science degree programs provide students with the math and science skills they need to predict specific patterns and identify varying types of risks. It’s important to find a school that has a solid reputation for providing a sound curriculum that imparts the type of tools an actuary relies on to do their job effectively. Look for the colleges and universities that are ranked for having the top undergraduate actuarial science programs. They should also be highly recommended by students who have attended the universities and earned their degrees from there.
The second step in choosing the best actuarial science school is a personal choice. Does the school offer an online program that will allow you to continue to work while attending school? Do they offer an accelerated program that allows you to complete your degree in a much shorter time frame? Have you attended the school in the past for other degree programs and received what you expected from the coursework? You will want to take a close look at the classes that are being offered for each degree program to ensure that they will provide you with the skills you need to succeed.
What Can I Do With an Actuarial Science Degree?
A graduate with an actuarial science degree has many employment opportunities they can choose from. Working as an actuary will earn the graduate approximately $100,000 a year. Actuaries work within the financial and insurance industries to try and determine what risks are possible and then find ways to reduce the impact of those risks on the business. Insurance underwriters also work to help protect the interests of insurance companies. As an underwriter, graduates can make approximately $70,000 per year with the potential to earn more as they gain additional experience.
Financial analysts and consultants are also in high demand and can make close to $85,000 per year. Financial analysts often find work in investment companies, brokerage firms, and lending institutions. These types of companies rely on understanding trends within the economy and financial markets. They rely on analysts and actuaries to identify trends that may cause an abnormally high level of risk for clients who invest or individuals who need to borrow funds. Being able to work with these figures shows the companies what investments are good and which ones carry too high of a risk.
What Are Other Jobs Related to Actuarial Science (Besides an Actuary)?
Financial analysts are in high demand across several different industries. The position offers an extremely high earning potential, especially for graduates who have received a degree in actuarial sciences. Jobs for actuarial science graduates offer long-term benefits and can provide job security for those who have the skills to perform their duties accurately and efficiently. Individuals who have degrees in other financial areas can return to school and obtain their actuary sciences degree and branch out, expanding their horizons into other areas for additional benefits.
Financial consultants are also wanted for their expertise in helping companies invest their resources. Individuals with a degree in business can return to school and earn their degree in actuary sciences and provide additional insight into how investments may affect a business or how they can reduce the risks they already have due to poor investments that were made in the past. Financial consultants can be found in many different industries and can transfer easily from one industry to another. Enrolling in an accelerated online degree program will allow the student to continue to work and attend school at the same time, making it easier for them to get ahead.
Carrie Morris
Author
Warren Dahl
Editor-in-Chief